Assertion facility is added in J2SE 1.4. In order to support this facility J2SE 1.4 added the keyword assert to the language, and AssertionError class. An assertion checks a boolean-typed expression that must be true during program runtime execution. The assertion facility can be enabled or disable at runtime.
Declaring Assertion
Assertion statements have two forms as given below
assert expression;
assert expression1 : expression2;
The first form is simple form of assertion, while second form takes another expression. In both of the form boolean expression represents condition that must be evaluate to true runtime.
If the condition evaluates to false and assertions are enabled, AssertionError will be thrown at runtime.
Some examples that use simple assertion form are as follows.
assert value > 5 ;
assert accontBalance > 0;
assert isStatusEnabled();
The expression that has to be asserted runtime must be boolean value. In third example isStatusEnabled() must return boolean value. If condition evaluates to true, execution continues normally, otherwise the AssertionError is thrown.
Following program uses simple form of assertion
//AssertionDemo.java
Class AssertionDemo{
Public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println( withdrawMoney(1000,500) );
System.out.println( withdrawMoney(1000,2000) );
}
public double withdrawMoney(double balance , double amount){
assert balance >= amount;
return balance - amount;
}
}
In above given example, main method calls withdrawMoney method with balance and amount as arguments. The withdrawMoney method has a assert statement that checks whether the balance is grater than or equal to amount to be withdrawn. In first call the method will execute without any exception, but in second call it AssertionError is thrown if the assertion is enabled at runtime.
Enable/Disable Assertions
By default assertion are not enabled, but compiler complains if assert is used as an identifier or label. The following command will compile AssertionDemo with assertion enabled.
javac -source 1.4 AssertionDemo.java
The resulting AssertionDemo class file will contain assertion code.
By default assertion are disabled in Java runtime environment. The argument -eanbleassertion or -ea will enables assertion, while -disableassertion or -da will disable assertions at runtime.
The following command will run AssertionDemo with assertion enabled.
Java -ea AssertionDemo
or
Java -enableassertion AssertionDemo
Second form of Assertion
The second form of assertion takes another expression as an argument.
The syntax is,
assert expression1 : expression2;
where expression1 is the condition and must evaluate to true at runtime.
This statement is equivalent to
assert expression1 : throw new AssertionError(expression2);
Note: AssertionError is unchecked exception, because it is inherited from Error class.
Here, expression2 must evaluate to some value.
By default AssertionError doesn't provide useful message so this form can be helpful to display some informative message to the user.
Rahim Vindhani
Application Develper [Application Development & Webservices]
IBM Global Services, pune, India
email: rahim.vindhani@gmail.com
web: http://www.rahim.co.nr
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Mozilla is a complete package meaning it comes with email, browser, address book, newsgroup, and chat applications integrated.
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Meryl K. Evans is the Content Maven behind meryl's notes, eNewsletter Journal, and The Remediator Security Digest. She is also a PC Today columnist and a tour guide at InformIT. She is geared to tackle your editing, writing, content, and process needs. The native Texan resides in Plano, Texas, a heartbeat north of Dallas, and doesn't wear a 10-gallon hat or cowboy boots.
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Free Microsoft Word Online Training Tutorial Resources
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Microsoft Navision and Crystal Reports - An Overview
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Intro This concise article will tell you in plain English how you can promote your software easily and effectively.Submit your software I recommend submitting your software to upload.
Accumulate Spyware
It is possible that if one avoided all sources of spyware, ad-ware and virus infection that infection would be at minimal levels. Although I don't recommend using only this method as a form of fighting spyware, it can be a potentially effective mean. Used in conjunction with a virus scanning program (I recommend Avast), abstaining from visiting these web sites or using these programs will help your PC to fight off infections, infestations and slower speeds due to unneeded running processes.
The most common places where your PC will pick up spyware, ad-ware and viruses will be adult websites or websites related to security. By security, I mean websites related to computer hacking and the like. If you partake in software piracy, you will notice that many of these websites that are piracy download zones have javascripts and cookies running that download software to your computer unknowingly. They usually come in the form of cookies. If you run a good virus program while you visit these sites, your virus program will most certainly warn you to "abort the connection" or "terminate the script." This means a server-side script is running to put spyware in the form of cookies onto your hard drive.
Another good spot to accumulate spyware, especially trojans, is peer to peer file sharing software. Such programs like Bearshare, ARES, Kazaa, etc. have been known to be breeding grounds for trojan horses and keyloggers for sometime. I recommend if you decide to use these programs, you use the "lite" version of the program. Lite versions of said programs have been scaled down in memory usage and the like. They will still operate just as well as the full program, but your computer will like you better for not subjecting it to unknown dangers.
And alas, the final spot of interest would be chain mail letters with attachments. These annoying buggers are usually sent to you by friends with too much time on their hands. Some people become addicted to chain mail letters; they send out every single one they receive. These letters sometimes can have viruses in their attachments, but because the average computer user does not realize it, he or she is spreading a virus. ALSO NOTE: Chain mail letters have been known to connect pedophiles with their prey. This is because the person who receives the letter can trace it back to every single person who has read it. Notice a chain mail letter has tens, maybe hundreds of e-mail addresses upon it, and sometimes these belong to young people (as young people make up a large portion of Internet users). Use a virus scanning program that checks your incoming mail (Avast will do this), and use something like NetNanny to make sure your kids have no strange men or women talking to them on MSN messenger.
I am a young, aspiring computer engineer into Internet Marketing, hardware, software, web design, SEO and just about anything related to computers. Please come check out my growing PC forum at http://www.markspcforum.com
MORE RESOURCES:
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As seeing large number of implementations - in our case these are Microsoft Business Solutions Products: Great Plains, MS CRM, Navision - we would like to give you our opinion on what should you consider to do to secure implementation success. These principles should work as for large corporation as well as for midsize and even small business.
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Recent Studies Show that 9 out of 10 PCs Are Infected with Spyware
Spyware and malware are large problems for Internet users today and can be both annoying and a real threat to you and your computer. There exist a number of different spy and malware of which some are relatively friendly and only spies on your surfing habits, while others like the Trojans can be used to corrupt your hard drive or steal your usernames and passwords.
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Your computer cost you from hundreds to thousands of dollars, but the computer itself is not the most valuable part. The data on the hard disk is the most valuable part.
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The most common places where your PC will pick up spyware, ad-ware and viruses will be adult websites or websites related to security. By security, I mean websites related to computer hacking and the like. If you partake in software piracy, you will notice that many of these websites that are piracy download zones have javascripts and cookies running that download software to your computer unknowingly. They usually come in the form of cookies. If you run a good virus program while you visit these sites, your virus program will most certainly warn you to "abort the connection" or "terminate the script." This means a server-side script is running to put spyware in the form of cookies onto your hard drive.
Another good spot to accumulate spyware, especially trojans, is peer to peer file sharing software. Such programs like Bearshare, ARES, Kazaa, etc. have been known to be breeding grounds for trojan horses and keyloggers for sometime. I recommend if you decide to use these programs, you use the "lite" version of the program. Lite versions of said programs have been scaled down in memory usage and the like. They will still operate just as well as the full program, but your computer will like you better for not subjecting it to unknown dangers.
And alas, the final spot of interest would be chain mail letters with attachments. These annoying buggers are usually sent to you by friends with too much time on their hands. Some people become addicted to chain mail letters; they send out every single one they receive. These letters sometimes can have viruses in their attachments, but because the average computer user does not realize it, he or she is spreading a virus. ALSO NOTE: Chain mail letters have been known to connect pedophiles with their prey. This is because the person who receives the letter can trace it back to every single person who has read it. Notice a chain mail letter has tens, maybe hundreds of e-mail addresses upon it, and sometimes these belong to young people (as young people make up a large portion of Internet users). Use a virus scanning program that checks your incoming mail (Avast will do this), and use something like NetNanny to make sure your kids have no strange men or women talking to them on MSN messenger.
I am a young, aspiring computer engineer into Internet Marketing, hardware, software, web design, SEO and just about anything related to computers. Please come check out my growing PC forum at http://www.markspcforum.com
MORE RESOURCES:
RELATED ARTICLES
Defining OLAP Solutions and Data Warehouse design
This tutorial covers OLAP solutions used by Data warehouses and understanding Data Warehouse design. The enterprise needs to ask itself certain fundamental questions before actually launching on the process of designing the data warehouse.
ERP Implementation: Success Factors
As seeing large number of implementations - in our case these are Microsoft Business Solutions Products: Great Plains, MS CRM, Navision - we would like to give you our opinion on what should you consider to do to secure implementation success. These principles should work as for large corporation as well as for midsize and even small business.
Microsoft Great Plains: Customization Upgrade & Recovery - Visual Studio VB 6.0
Microsoft Great Plains, former Great Plains Software Dynamics, eEnterprise has very long, about 12 years customization & integration history. In earlier 1990th - the customization tool was mostly Great Plains Dexterity, later on when Great Plains was successfully moved to MS SQL Server 6.
15 Questions to Ask Your Software Vendor
When making a decision to buy any piece of software there are a number of criteria typically evaluated. One of the most important elements in the decision process is the strength of the company that builds the software.
Reporting Tools for Microsoft Great Plains - Overview For Developers
Looks like Microsoft Great Plains becomes more and more popular, partly because of Microsoft muscles behind it. Now it is targeted to the whole spectrum of horizontal and vertical market clientele.
An Easy Way to Develop JAVA Enterprise Applications
Research bears that less than 70 percent of development projects are actually completed, and more than half come in late and over budget. AlachiSoft TierDeveloper is a Rapid Application Development tool that helps Software Developers do better, more creative, and useful work by reducing redundant hand coding.
Microsoft CRM and Great Plains Implementation: Freight Forwarding Business Automation Example
Microsoft Business Solutions offers several ERP applications: Great Plains, Navision, Solomon and its own CRM solution - Microsoft CRM. Targeting to automate all business operations, Microsoft CRM is now integrated with Microsoft Great Plains and in the close future it should have integration with Microsoft Navision.
Internet Security Threats: Who Can Read Your Email?
Before being able to choose a secure Internet communication system, you need to understand the threats to your security.Since the beginning of the Internet there has been a naive assumption on the part of most email users that the only people who are reading their email are the people they are sending it to.
Benefits of Shareware
Shareware has been fighting the stigma of being misunderstood for decades. While corporate software giants can no longer ignore the marketing potential of a trial version, small software startups are struggling with new listings and bandwidth costs.
Increase Office Efficiency With One Simple Tool
When you need a phone number, you do a quick search on the Internet and in a few seconds, you've got the information you need. And you probably receive a lot of contact information right inside the emails you receive every day.
Microsoft CRM Integration With Microsoft Office Documents - Overview For System Integrator
Microsoft CRM is CRM application, maintained and supported by Microsoft Business Solutions. Microsoft CRM utilizes majority of the Microsoft technologies: Windows Active Directory, SQL Server, MS Exchange, BizTalk (integration with MS Great Plains, and soon with Navision), Message Queuing, .
Microsoft Great Plains Integration Manager - Working With Text File
Microsoft Business Solutions main middle market ERP application - Microsoft Great Plains has multiple integration options: MS SQL Scripting (stored procedures and views), ADO.Net programming, Microsoft SQL Server DTS packages.
Microsoft CRM Customization - Processing In/Out-Going Email Messages
We would like to give you several situations, when you may need custom development and programming to improve Microsoft CRM functionality. This overview is for programmer, software developer, IT specialist, database administrator.
Crystal Reports for Microsoft Great Plains
Microsoft Business Solutions - Great Plains is designed to meet and extend the needs of small and mid-size organizations for its business success. Its comprehensive accounting and business management applications also provide businesses with capabilities to customize various modules of the Great Plains software to fit to their specific needs.
Recent Studies Show that 9 out of 10 PCs Are Infected with Spyware
Spyware and malware are large problems for Internet users today and can be both annoying and a real threat to you and your computer. There exist a number of different spy and malware of which some are relatively friendly and only spies on your surfing habits, while others like the Trojans can be used to corrupt your hard drive or steal your usernames and passwords.
How to Backup Windows XP Home Edition
Your computer cost you from hundreds to thousands of dollars, but the computer itself is not the most valuable part. The data on the hard disk is the most valuable part.
Alien Intruders!
You probably didn't casually invite, or extend a formal attendance request to, these undesirables known as viruses.Regardless of your opinions, such cyber-nomads may call on you, complete and active, with their destructive payloads.
Microsoft Great Plains Integration Manager - Advanced Techniques
Great Plains Integration Manager scripting and translation - overview for programmer, software developer, database administrator, IT specialistMicrosoft Business Solutions main middle market ERP application - Microsoft Great Plains has multiple integration options: MS SQL Scripting (stored procedures and views), ADO.Net programming, Microsoft SQL Server DTS packages.
Microsoft CRM Customization Secrets - Second Edition
This article is for advanced Microsoft CRM SDK C# developers. It describes the technique of direct SQL programming, when SDK doesn't have the functionality to do the job.
Microsoft Great Plains - Licensing & Product Versions
Current Microsoft Business Solutions Great Plains has more that 10 years of history. Former Great Plains Software had two lines of Great Plains: Dynamics & Dynamics C/S+, later on re
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